Employment and Trade Unions Essay

passim the study I have time-tested with the scoop out of my qualification to give as much information and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you have suggested. I tried my best to make this report as much informative as possible. I really believe that it will satisfy your requirements. I however sincerely believe that this report will serve the purpose of my course (Industrial Relation). I am gpaceful to you for your guidance and kind co-operation at every misuse of my endeavor on this report. My effort will be reworded only if it adds pass judgment to the research literature.Introduction One of the major functions of human resource commission is to maintain smooth industrial dealing (IR). It is withal treated as one of the oldest functions of HRM. It is basically allied with the relations mingled with the employer and the p spottarians in the perseverance (Singh & Kumar, 2011 3). tally to Weeratunga (20035) Industrial Relations or pro ject Relations, the basis apply inter tackably, can be viewed as the interaction betwixt the various fire parties involved in employment. The employer and the employee be obvious parties.The state, in ensuring a level playing field for both sides, provides the legal framework within which such relations may take direct. In industrial relations, role players are more often than not represented by their work confederacys formed under chapter 13 of Bangladesh Labor Act2006 whereas employers are represented by their associations such as Bangladesh Employers Federation. HR managers mediate the relationships between workers and employers though they are appointed by the representatives of employers. A nonher related term is Employee Relations.Though both the terms industrial relations and employee relations are structurally identical (Decenzo& Robbins, 1999 18), employee relations embarrasss, in addition to industrial relations, such aspects as participative centering, empl oyee well world, employee exploitation, employee earnings, employee protection and health, and the the like (Aswathappa, 2008534). Generally industrial relations c everyplace the areas such as alternate leagues, joint talk terms, settlement of industrial quarrels, grievance handling procedure, role of government, grasp laws, courts and tribunals and role of employers.In the context of developing countries, industrial relations has been influenced by features such as high exploitation of workers, low level of worker participation in decision making, government and policy-making interferences, high rate of illiteracy of workers, low level of employment, low level of awareness among the laborers regarding rights, laws, and plenty unionism, and low labor productivity (Khan &Taher, 2008 222-23). Industrial relations plays an important role in shiting and maintaining industrial democracy (Monappa, 2004 9) and it is the key to improve productivity in industrial enterprises (Asw athappa, 2004 534).Human resource concern can play live roles in enhancing cooperative and friendly industrial relations. In Bangladesh, collective heaping on pay between employer and workmen is prohibited in the public celestial sphere enterprises as the government designs uniform pay and gets for the employees of all public arena enterprises (Mahmood, 2008). The limited scope of collective bargaining in the public sphere of Bangladesh influences the transaction unions to develop network with government, governmental parties and other powerful bodies in organizing their activities.It hinders effective interactions between the representatives of employers and workers at enterprise level. Though performance exhibit pay is considered to have significant impact on employee performance (Dessler&Varkkey, 2010 15), it is non at all practiced by the public sector enterprises in Bangladesh. As a result, public sector enterprises in Bangladesh have been incur huge losses. On the other hand, all types of collective bargaining takes place at enterprise level in case of private sector enterprises (Khan, 1996).Mahmood (2008) mentioned that the industrial relations process in the private sector was much disturbed by links between private and public sector unions. Objectives a) To explore the differences between public and private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh with compliments to overall status of IR. b) To put forward policy implications of overall cash advance in IR of Bangladesh. Industrial Relations Studies in Bangladesh Khan (1986) canvas industrial relations in Bangladesh with special emphasis on guile unionism. shift Unions swop Union is an organization of workers who have banded unneurotic to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher(prenominal)(prenominal) pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions.An organized association of workers in a trade , group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and absorbs. A group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employees over pay, trading security, working hours, etc. using the collective power of the members. The roughly common purpose of these associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. Causes of organizing trade unions Provision of benefits to members professional training, legal advice and representation for members is still an important benefit of trade union membership. Industrial action swop unions may visit scrape ups or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals. political activity Trade unions may promote legislation favourable to the interests of their members or workers as a whole.To this end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, or financially support individual candidates or parties. Conditions of employment and any grievances are coloniz ed through trade unions. Bargaining rights Trade unions bargain and ensure the status, rights, remuneration and demands of workers of the modern world of industry.Contribution in economical growth Trade unions are growing rapidly in an economy because of the expansion of transmission line and economical growth. Objectives Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the force force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions. . To defend or improve the wages and working conditions of workers and to bring about a change in the economic order. 2. To strengthen their ( mash) bargaining power collectively to establish and achieve all their rights. 3. To dully protect all other interest of the workers . And from the managements point of view the objectives as written a) To skip the number of negotiation. b)To specify work rules, disagreements and grievances to give the better solution to workers claim. c) To establish the efficient communication between the employers and management to enforce the predictable standards. ) To prove the overall organizational effectiveness workers can also be sometimes inspired to form and organize trade union. In fact, objectives of a trade union are not defined rather these are changing according to the need of the economy and overall industry. When these objectives are not settled then the rivals are started History of Trade Unions The Pakistan stopover (1947-71) -The East Pakistan Trade Unions Act, 1965 was enacted repealing the Trade Unions Act, 1926. -The Labor Disputes Act, 1965 was enacted. -Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969 was enacted integrating the above two Acts.Bangladesh Period (1971-onwards) -Government of Bangladesh declared a labor policy in 1972. The right to gleam and collective bargaining in the populationalized industries was prohibited for six months by presidential order no. 55 in May 1972. -In 1973, the right to strike and lockout, as granted by IRO, 1969 was withdraw n. -In 1974 Act completely suspended the antiauthoritarian rights of workers by prohibiting trade union activities such as strikes, lock-outs, collective bargaining. -The force regime of 1975 imposed restrictions on the rights of collective bargaining. The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Ordinance, 1977 liberalized the Rights of freedom of Association -The Labor Policy of 1980 restored the right to freedom of association to a considerable extent -In 1982 the military regime banned trade union activities, strikes, and right of freedom of association. Limitations In Bangladesh Trade Unions have a separate of unavoidable problems 1. Lack of consciousness Trade union are not actually completely aware about employees legal rights and duties. 2. Lack of unanimity In Bangladesh trade unions are separated for political influence. 3.Lack of fellowship The workers of Bangladesh dont have enough knowledge about their rights and duties. 4. Political influence In Bangladesh, trade unions work a part of political parties not as a free right saving association. 5. theatrical role of trade union Bangladesh is a country where every organization has more(prenominal) trade unions in name only. The overall productivity got down. Suggestions Strengthening zygomorphic collective bargaining for solving problems quickly and effectively. Multiplicity of trade union creates the rivals in a union. So it must be reduced. Political enfolding must be reduced.Organization must support financially as trade unions support the worker. Training programs under trade union should be helpful to develop the skills of the workers. Trade unions function should be increased and widened throughout the organization. Union leader must be give importance and encourage the members. If trust between workers and management increases, productivity increases. direction must help and guide trade unions to settle industrial clashes and crisis. Trade unions always should demand reasonable thing to th e management. . What is a dispute? academically speaking, industrial dispute refers to any conflict between employees and employers, between employers and employers and between employers and employees. But in reality, dispute is understood as the conflict between employees and employers.There are three types of Disputes Disciplinary disputes Grievance disputes Industrial disputes According to Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, Industrial dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen, or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the mployment or non-employment or terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person. Causes of Industrial Disputes Some of the prominent causes of industrial disputes may be listed thus Employment The list here includes disputes over wages, allowances, bonus, benefits, working, condition, unjust dismissals, retrenchment of workers, methods of job evaluation, changes in methods of production, non-implement of awards of tribunals, etc.The National Commission on Labor remarked though on majority of occasions industrial disputes were based on claims pertaining to the terms and condition of employment, sometimes economic issues of a general function dominated and, on occasion, purely motives. The causes of industrial disputes can be generally classified into two categories economic and non-economic causes. The economic causes will include issues relating to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, and conditions for work, working hours, leave and holidays without pay, unjust layoffs and retrenchments.The non economic factors will include victimization of workers, ill treatment by staff members, sympathetic strikes, political factors, indiscipline etc. Wages and allowancesSince the cost of maintenance index is increasing, workers generally bargain for higher wages to meet the rising cost of living index and to increase their standards of living. I n 2002, 21. 4% of disputes were caused by demand of higher wages and allowances.This percentage was 20. 4% during 2003 and during 2004 increased up to 26. 2%. In 2005, wages and allowances accounted for 21. % of disputes. Personnel and retrenchmentThe personnel and retrenchment have also been an important factor which accounted for disputes. During the year 2002, disputes caused by personnel were 14. 1% charm those caused by retrenchment and layoffs were 2. 2% and 0. 4% respectively. In 2003, a similar trend could be seen, wherein 11. 2% of the disputes were caused by personnel, while 2. 4% and 0. 6% of disputes were caused by retrenchment and layoffs. In year 2005, only 9. 6% of the disputes were caused by personnel, and only 0. 4% were caused by retrenchment.Indiscipline and violenceFrom the given table, it is lucid that the number of disputes caused by indiscipline has shown an increasing trend. In 2002, 29. 9% of disputes were caused because of indiscipline, which go up to 36 . 9% in 2003. Similarly in 2004 and 2005, 40. 4% and 41. 6% of disputes were caused due to indiscipline respectively. During the year 2003, indiscipline accounted for the highest percentage (36. 9%) of the intact time-loss of all disputes, followed by cause-groups wage and allowance and personnel with 20. 4% and11. % respectively.A similar trend was observed in 2004 where indiscipline accounted for 40. 4% of disputes. incentiveBonus has always been an important factor in industrial disputes. 6. 7% of the disputes were because of bonus in 2002 and 2003 as compared to 3. 5% and 3. 6% in 2004 and 2005 respectively. see and working hours Leaves and working hours have not been so important causes of industrial disputes. During 2002, 0. 5% of the disputes were because of leave and hours of work while this percentage increased to 1% in 2003. During 2004, only 0. % of the disputes were because of leaves and working hours. ? MiscellaneousThe miscellaneous factors include disguise/Intra U nion Rivalry Charter of Demands Work Load Standing orders/rules/ portion conditions/safety measures Non-implementation of agreements and awards etc. incarnate Bargaining incarnate bargaining includes not only negotiations between the employers and unions but also includes the process of resolving labor-management conflicts. Thus, collective bargaining is, essentially, a recognized way of creating a system of industrial jurisprudence.It acts as a method of introducing civil rights in the industry, that is, the management should be conducted by rules rather than arbitrary decision making. It establishes rules which define and restrict the traditionalistic authority exercised by the management. Importance to employees ? Collective bar aining develops a reek of self respect and responsibility among the employees. It increases the strength of the workforce, thereby, increasing their bargaining capacity as a group. Collective bargaining increases the morale and productivity of emp loyees.It restricts managements freedom for arbitrary action against the employees. Moreover, unilateral actions by the employer are also discouraged. Effective collective bargaining machinery strengthens the trade unions movement. The workers feel prompt as they can approach the management on various matters and bargain for higher benefits. It helps in securing a prompt and fair settlement of grievances. It provides a flexible means for the adjustment of wages and employment conditions to economic and expert changes in the industry, as a result of which the chances for conflicts are reduced.Importance to employers 1. It becomes easier for the management to resolve issues at the bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of individual workers. 2. Collective bargaining tends to promote a sense of job security among employees and thereby tends to reduce the cost of labor turnover to management. 3. Collective bargaining opens up the channel of communication between the workers and the management and increases worker participation in decision making. 4. Collective bargaining plays a life-sustaining role in settling and preventing industrial disputes.Importance to society 1. Collective bargaining leads to industrial peace in the country 2. It results in psychiatric hospital of a harmonious industrial climate which supports which helps the pace of a nations efforts towards economic and social development since the obstacles to such a development can be reduced considerably. 3. The discrimination and exploitation of workers is constantly being checked. 4. It provides a method or the regulation of the conditions of employment of those who are presently concerned about them.